Elisee Reclus

About Elisee Reclus

Who is it?: Geographer, Anarchist, Writer
Birth Day: March 15, 1830
Birth Place: Sainte-Foy-la-Grande, France, French
Died On: 4 July 1905(1905-07-04) (aged 75)\nTorhout, Belgium
Birth Sign: Aries
Occupation: Geographer, anarchist revolutionary, and writer

Elisee Reclus Net Worth

Elisee Reclus was born on March 15, 1830 in Sainte-Foy-la-Grande, France, French, is Geographer, Anarchist, Writer. Élisée Reclus was a famous French geographer, anarchist and writer. The geographical work of Reclus brought out an image of human-nature communication that at present would be called as bioregionalism. His masterpiece of 19 volumes ‘La Nouvelle Géographie universelle, la terre et les hommes’ (‘Universal Geography’) that he penned down over a period of about two decades is distinguished for its excellent elucidation accompanied by extensively illustrated maps, engravings and plans, making it a work of enduring scientific value. Though his political activism led to his banishment from France, this work of Reclus fetched him the prestigious Gold Medal of the ‘Paris Geographical Society’ in 1892. His other writings include ‘La Terre, description des phénomènes de la vie du globe’, 2 volumes (1867-68) and ‘Histoire d’un ruisseau (1869). He took part in the Nadar’s balloon ascents during 1870-71 at the time of the German siege of Paris. He supported for a fair, rational and progressive economy, opposed the Malthusianism school of ideas and considered that there were ample resources and space for all. He initiated the ‘Anti-Marriage Movement’ and condemned the carnage against the Jews and the Armenian annihilation.
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💰 Net worth: Under Review

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His geographical work, thoroughly researched and unflinchingly scientific, laid out a picture of human-nature interaction that we today would call bioregionalism. It showed, with more detail than anyone but a dedicated geographer could possibly absorb, how the ecology of a place determined the kinds of lives and livelihoods its denizens would have and thus how people could properly live in self-regarding and self-determined bioregions without the interference of large and centralized governments that always try to homogenize diverse geographical areas.

Biography/Timeline

1851

Withdrawing from France due to the political events of December 1851, as a young man he spent the next six years (1852–1857) traveling and working in Great Britain, the United States, Central America, and Colombia. Arriving in Louisiana in 1853, Reclus worked for about two and a half years as a tutor to the children of cousin Septime and Félicité Fortier at their plantation Félicité, located about 50 miles upriver from New Orleans. He recounted his passage through the Mississippi River Delta and impressions of antebellum New Orleans and the state in Fragment d'un voyage á Louisiane, published in 1855.

1867

On his return to Paris, Reclus contributed to the Revue des deux mondes, the Tour du monde and other periodicals, a large number of articles embodying the results of his geographical work. Among other works of this period was the short book Histoire d'un ruisseau, in which he traced the development of a great river from source to mouth. During 1867 and 1868, he published La Terre; description des phénomènes de la vie du globe in two volumes.

1870

During the Siege of Paris (1870–1871), Reclus shared in the aerostatic operations conducted by Félix Nadar, and also served in the National Guard. As a member of the Association Nationale des Travailleurs, he published a hostile manifesto against the government of Versailles in support of the Paris Commune of 1871 in the Cri du Peuple.

1872

Continuing to serve in the National Guard, which was then in open revolt, Reclus was taken prisoner on 5 April. On 16 November he was sentenced to deportation for life. Because of intervention by supporters from England, the sentence was commuted in January 1872 to perpetual banishment from France.

1882

In 1882, Reclus initiated the Anti-Marriage Movement. In accordance with these beliefs, he and his wife let their two daughters "marry" without any civil or religious ceremony, an action causing embarrassment to many of his well-wishers. The French government initiated prosecution from the High Court of Lyon, arrested him and Peter Kropotkin as the International Association's organizers, and sentenced the latter to five years' imprisonment. Reclus escaped punishment as he remained in Switzerland.

1894

In 1894, Reclus was appointed chair of comparative geography at the University of Brussels, and moved with his family to Belgium. His brother Élie Reclus was at the university already, teaching religion. Élisée Reclus continued to write, contributing several important articles and essays to French, German and English scientific journals. He was awarded the 1894 Patron's Gold Medal of the Royal Geographical Society.

1905

In 1905, shortly before his death, Reclus completed L'Homme et la terre, in which he rounded out his previous works by considering humanity's development relative to its geographical environment.

2014

After a short visit to Italy, Reclus settled at Clarens, Switzerland, where he resumed his literary labours and produced Histoire d'une montagne, a companion to Histoire d'un ruisseau. There he wrote nearly the whole of his work, La Nouvelle Géographie universelle, la terre et les hommes, "an examination of every continent and country in terms of the effects that geographic features like rivers and mountains had on human populations—and vice versa," This compilation was profusely illustrated with maps, plans, and engravings. It was awarded the gold medal of the Paris Geographical Society in 1892. An English edition was published simultaneously, also in 19 volumes, the first four by translated E. G. Raven Stein, the rest by A. H. Keane. Reclus's writings were characterized by extreme accuracy and brilliant exposition, which gave them permanent literary and scientific value.

2019

Reclus was admired by many prominent 19th century thinkers, including Alfred Russel Wallace, George Perkins Marsh and Patrick Geddes, Henry Stephens Salt, and Octave Mirbeau. James Joyce was influenced by Reclus' book La civilisation et les grands fleuves historiques.