Moloney's first acting experience was with the Merilyn Brend Children's Teenagers and Adults Theatre Company in outer-eastern Melbourne when he was ten years old. He starred in their youth repertory production of The Purple Pumpernickel. His first role in a feature film was playing a thug in Say a Little Prayer (1993), based on the Robin Klein novel Came Back to Show You I Could Fly.
Moloney initially auditioned for the role of Brett Stark in Neighbours. He did not get the role but later appeared as a one off-character named Cyborg in 1994. He was later recalled to play Jarrod "Toadfish" Rebecchi, brother of established character Kevin "Stonefish" Rebecchi. This was a one-scene role, which aired on 8 February 1995. This became a recurring guest role, and as the character proved popular it became a regular role in 1996. In April 2004 he was nominated for a Golden Rose of Montreux award for Best Actor in a Soap for his work in Neighbours.
Moloney appeared in the Cinderella pantomime as Buttons in 2005 and 2007.
In 2010, Moloney became a spokesman for weight loss company Lite and Easy, successfully losing 17 kg in 13 weeks. He also competed in the St. George Melbourne Marathon, completing the race in the official time of 03:46:32
In early 2011, Moloney revealed that he was training to be a pilot. He took on the hobby in between filming for Neighbours and aims to fly commercial planes in the Future.
In 2012, Moloney made an appearance on Big Brother's Bit On The Side. That same year, he appeared with his former Neighbours co-star, Mark Little, in an episode of Celebrity Wedding Planner broadcast on 3 September 2012.
Moloney subsequently took up the roles of Jack in Dick Whittington at Dunstable's Grove Theatre in 2013 and Buttons in Cinderella at the Stag Theatre in Sevenoaks in 2014. He appeared in a documentary special celebrating Neighbours' 30th anniversary titled Neighbours 30th: The Stars Reunite, which aired in Australia and the UK in March 2015.
In April 2018 via Instagram it was revealed that Moloney and Hayward had given birth to a girl called Jessie-Liz.
